Bits for horses - the basics & effects simply explained
The topic of bits runs through riding life. Either you are a proud new horse owner and would like to find out about the different types of bits, or you have a horse that no longer wants to wear the usual bit. In any case, before buying a new set of teeth, it makes sense to find out about the different types and materials. We give you basic knowledge about bits.
What it is: Bit types | Denture material | Bit FAQ
The different bits and their effect
There are different types of teeth. In addition to the classic water bridle, the olive head bit is also popular. There is also the choice between single and double broken teeth. Double bridles and bridles also have a special status in dressage. To make it easier for you to have an overview, we have listed the most important types of teeth here.
- water Bridles
- Olive head bits
- Sticks of bits
- Single & double jointed bits
- Belly bits
- Thigh snaffles
- Bridle
- D-ring bits
- 3-ring and multi-ring bits
- Nathe bits
- Bit bits & snaffles
Loose ring - the classic
As a Water bridle is a set of teeth with continuous rings. Water bridles only act on trains. Since the ring is flexible, it can compensate for a restless or inexperienced hand. In addition, the horse can temporarily avoid excessive pressure by lifting the tongue.
Water snaffle bits are available as single-broken and double-broken teeth, but also as rod teeth. Multijoint bits are also available with continuous rings, but are rarely found. The well-known company Sprenger offers snaffle bits in almost all bit series.
The water bridle is the classic bit, with which all horses usually run well and are trained. You can find our water snaffle here.
Egg-head bit - direct effect
Olive head bits can be compared in their mode of action with water snaffles, however the rein aids are transferred more directly. Due to the fixed connection between the mouthpiece and the ring, the bit lies quietly in the horse's mouth. In addition, the lateral guidance of the horse is simplified by this bit. Olive head bits are not recommended for young horses if the horse does not yet know any bits. Riders with a hard hand or beginners with restless hands should also choose a water bridle, since the movement is forwarded directly to the tongue and not cushioned. Olive head bits should generally be 0,5 to 1 cm smaller than a ring bridle, so that the side parts fit snugly on the horse's mouth.
Olive head bits are also available as single and double broken versions and as a rod. Here you can find all olive head bits.
Effect of bar bite - only for experienced hands
Rod bits are available in many different materials and in different shapes. They only belong in experienced rider hands, because one-sided rein aids or working out the position and bend is not possible with a pole bit.
Bar bits put even pressure on the entire tongue. In contrast to a single or double broken bit, there is less pressure on the edges of the tongue. You should always choose the bit that is exactly right for your horse, because if the bit is too big, it can become tilted if you press the reins on one side. Bar bits are often used for very strong horses that, for example, elude the rider's help when approaching an obstacle. Even in horses with tongue problems (pressure sensitivity - tongue is pulled up or stretched out to the side), a bar bit with tongue free can be an advantage.
Flexible rod bits are particularly suitable for horses that occasionally moor and are also often well accepted by horses that do not cope well with broken bits. This is also a good alternative to the classic pole bit Max Control bit by Sprenger, which only acts like a normal broken dentition and becomes a rod under strong pressure.
However, the sensitive handling of the rod bite is always important. The rider should be able to ride the horse reins independently with weight and thigh aids. You can find all rod bits here.
Single or double broken teeth? What is better?
An just broken teeth consists of the side rings (continuous or D-rings) and the two legs, which are movably connected in the middle. It affects the horse's chest and tongue. In the case of one-sided rein aids, only the drawer is addressed. So it is possible to give very differentiated help. Your horse can briefly counteract pressure by pressing the bit with the tongue against the roof of the mouth. Originally it was said that when the reins are tightened, the bit stands up in the mouth and presses against the roof of the mouth, as well as pinching the bars like a nutcracker. The so-called "nutcracker effect" has been refuted by studies. Only if the bit is clearly too big or too thick can it press against the roof of the mouth. You can find out how to find the right size here: Measure bit - this is how you find the right bit for your horse.
An double broken teeth consists of the side parts, the two legs and an olive-shaped piece in the middle. It also acts on the tongue and loading of the horse. Since it “encloses” the tongue, it should lie more calmly in the mouth than a simply broken bit. The pressure should be better distributed. However, if there is strong rein pressure, the bit can also have a very strong effect on the store. If the pressure on both sides is too strong, the tongue will be crushed. Your horse CANNOT escape this pressure by pressing the bit against the roof of the mouth.
Now which is better? Single or double broken?
Now we come to the question of which is better. One cannot really answer this question in general. It always depends on the combination of horse and own riding. Because some horses prefer a single broken bit and others a double broken bit. You should also include your own riding in the decision. If you have a stronger hand, the double-broken bit is probably not the right one.
Your horse will show you whether it likes the selected bit or not. Signs of discomfort can hit the head, curl up, go against the bit, lock, tongue mistakes (sticking out the tongue), discard and generally all signs of lack of letting go. These indications can appear very quickly or gradually over a few weeks. If you use a new bit, pay close attention to the instructions of your horse.
A well-known sentence on this topic is: The rider's hands determine how the bit works, not the bit itself.
Effect of Baucher bit / Fillistrense / B-ring bit
This type of bit is not seen very often. The Baucher bit, also called fillistrense or B-ring bit, sits much more quietly in the horse's mouth due to its tight buckle with the bridle, as a water bridle. This bit also acts towards the mouth angle, which leads to more straightening in many horses. In addition, it has a sideways effect due to the fixed side parts.
In contrast to simple bridles, B-ring bits do not sag downwards and can only be pushed slightly towards the stallion and incisors. Therefore, this type of bit is also suitable for horses with a short jaw gap.
Contrary to popular belief, this bit has NO leverage. When using reins, the strap to which the bit is attached turns outwards, similar to a water bit. Because in order to be able to exert pressure on the neck, the bit needs an opposite pole, i.e. a chin chain. This leverage is found in double bit.
interest aroused? Here you can find all belly bits.
Thigh bit - also called gag bit
Thigh snaffles, or gag bits, have side bars that have a directional effect. Furthermore, similar to an olive head bit, the bit lies more quietly in the horse's mouth than a bridle. It is often used for the training of young horses, for lunging or for show jumping, as the bit cannot be pulled through the mouth. The term gag snaffle sounds very cruel at first. This type of bit is important suitable size to be used so that the jaw angles are not pinched.
Gag snaffle - only for experienced riders
The The snaffle bit is a special kind of bit, which provides maximum control through effective and targeted action on the jaw angle and neck. This bit also has a straightening effect and can only be used with special cheek pieces.
D-ring bit - also called racing bit
D-ring bits there is no difference in their mode of action from olive head bits. The difference lies in the somewhat angular shape of the side parts. In addition, the shekels are usually firmly connected to the side parts.
3-ring bit, multi-ring bit or pessoa
The 3-ring bit, also pessoa or jumping curb called, belongs only in experienced rider hands. It affects the corner of the mouth and neck, and is more likely to be classified under the category of “sharp bits” because it works very quickly.
The pessoa or 3-ring bit can be used differently. If you strap the reins into the large, middle ring, the bit looks like a water bridle.
On the other hand, if you strap the reins into the lower, small ring, it becomes a sharp bit, because here the leverage and pressure on the neck are added. This type of buckle is used for stormy horses in off-road and show jumping who are not happy with a Pelham.
You usually use the Pessoa bit with two pairs of reins, like with a curb bit. So you ride with the "snaffle bit" reins. The lower rein is then used to reinforce and refine the aids, so only when absolutely necessary. In show jumping you can also see the use of just one rein in combination with a Pelham strap or with a converter rein.
Nathe Bit – the brand for plastic bits
Nathe bits are made of thermoplastic. The high-quality plastic bits are suitable for sensitive and mouth-sensitive horses. The company has been operating since the beginning of 2020 Sprenger the distribution of Nathe bitten taken over. Advantage: the bits are improved in quality, design and functionality thanks to the many years of experience of the Westphalian company.
Nathe Bits are anti-allergenic and have a very high level of tolerance. They are also food-safe and free of plasticizers and solvents. If your horse is sensitive to metal bits, you should take a look at this brand.
The disadvantage of the material is the medium to short lifespan. Thermoplastic has a very high mechanical strength, but if a horse tends to chew heavily on the bit, this will become noticeable after a while from scratches and tooth marks. You should immediately replace a bit with bite marks, as the sharp edges can injure the soft oral mucosa.
Double bridle & bridle - for fine hands
Curb bits are mostly used only in higher dressage and serve to refine the help in higher lessons. Both rider and horse should be trained accordingly. The rider should have a reinside seat and a fine, gentle hand. One speaks of the "curb maturity". Due to the leverage effect of the suits, curb bits appear much sharper in the horse's mouth than, for example, a simply broken bridle. In dressage, the double bit is always one Underlay bridle accompanied.
A distinction is made between French curbs / dressage curbs and post curbs / Liverpool curbs, also called driving curbs.
The post curb is used without a snaffle bit and has up to three rings one below the other. The deeper you fasten the driving line, the sharper this double bit appears.
Dressage curb - short or long suit?
The dressage or French curb is the most commonly used type of curb. It is available with short suits (5 cm) and long suits (7 cm). The type known as the “baby curb” with short suits is unfortunately a small sham. The name gives the feeling that these curbs are "softer" and serve as an introduction to riding with curbs. It is not so. Due to the short suits, the bit works much faster than its big brother.
With a long suit there is a little more leeway and you can dose the pressure in finer increments. Remember: The angle of attack, which results from a certain shortening of the reins, the smaller the longer the suit. This means that if you take the reins the same way, the “baby” curb acts much faster and therefore also more sharply. Basically, you now have to consider whether your hand is fine enough to work in millimeters and whether your horse needs direct, clear help, or a little more time to think.
A double bit with only a slightly curved rod is called a French double bit. A double bit with little to no tongue is called dressage bit.
Tongue-free is somewhat controversial these days. According to the latest knowledge, the tongue is more likely to be trapped due to the absence of tongues and the horse does not have the opportunity to press the bit upwards with the tongue. So it can't counteract too much pressure. Because the greater the freedom of the tongue, the sharper the bit looks. With a bar that is only slightly bent, this applies evenly to the entire tongue when pressure is applied from the same side. With too much one-sided tightening there is a risk of tilting.
Which bit material is suitable for my horse?
Sensogan bit - slightly sweet
Sensogan is one of Sprenger developed material. It was specially developed for use in the horse's mouth and consists of a special composition of copper, manganese and zinc. Sensogan bits have a slightly sweet taste, which should encourage your horse to chew. The veterinary university of Hanover tested the material toxicologically and classified it as harmless. You can recognize the material by the white-gold surface. This can neither peel off nor crumble, since the bit is made of solid, i.e. consist of the same material.
Stainless steel bit - the inexpensive classic
Stainless steel bits do not rust, are very durable and absolutely tasteless. The weight of these bits depends on whether they are made solid or hollow. If your horse doesn't like light bits, you should use solid stainless steel bits. Many horses prefer it when the bit is a little heavier. As with any bit, you should put it on before using it eventInvestigate any damage. With heavy use, sharp edges can form over a period of time, which can damage the mucous membrane in the mouth.
Soft bit - plastic, rubber or leather
What sounds a little strange at first is the solution, especially for sensitive horses. If your horse is allergic to metals, you can offer it a bit made of plastic, rubber or leather. But you should note that soft bits are more maintenance-intensive and show signs of wear more quickly. They are not suitable for heavily chewing horses, as strong stress can lead to sharp edges. Almost every manufacturer offers its own kind of soft dentures. The Happy Mouth Apple dentition stimulates chewing activity due to the permanent apple taste and is gladly accepted by horses.
Copper teeth - sweetish teeth with a slight tendency to wear
The copper in the bit is supposed to stimulate the salivation and thus the mouth activity of your horse. Although these types of bits are made of a stainless steel core with a copper alloy, the surface is easily scratched due to the soft surface material and can form sharp edges. Therefore always pay attention to a perfect condition.
Sweet Iron - the blue teeth of Trust
Sweet Iron is a material alloy from the company Trust. You can recognize Sweet Iron bits by the bluish color. This changes to brown-gray when the bit is used. This is deliberate because the surface forms a light rust layer due to contact with moisture. This tastes sweet and encourages your horse to salivate and chew.
FAQ - The most frequently asked questions about bits
We get asked this question a lot. The answer depends on the circumstances and cannot be generalized. As a rule, all horses run well with a loose ring - be it single or double broken. For horses that need a little more lateral support or for lunging, a thigh bit or an olive-head bit is ideal. Does your horse have a special problem? Then read this report carefully about the different bits or let us advise you by phone / email.
Does your horse curl up or does it stand out? You should answer this question first because it leads to different answers. Horses that do not approach the bit properly usually have no problem with the bit itself. The engine (hindquarters) is simply off. First try to get your horse's hindquarters more diligent before looking for the problem with the bit.
However, if your horse is already very hard-working (fast does not mean hard-working 😉), you can test different bits.
Sprenger offers, for example WH Ultra bit at. The rolling element promotes mouth activity, permeability and concentration. It relaxes the jaw and topline, making the horse chew faster.
The Sprenger Turnado bit is suitable for horses with tongue problems.
It is very special Sprenger Novocontact bit. The simply broken version is suitable for horses that do not want to step on the bit. Whereas the double-jointed version is designed for horses that occasionally make themselves strong and go against the hand.
You can find out more about these bits on the respective bits page.
We already answered the question with in the previous question. First and foremost, your horse's hindquarters should be active. Hardworking horses also become soft in the hand.
If your horse just likes to let your head carry you around, you can look for a different bit. Many advise straight to a bar bite. However, this is only appropriate for experienced riders' hands and only for short corrections.
That offers a good average Sprenger Novocontact bit. It is suitable for horses that occasionally make themselves strong but are too sensitive to have a sharp bit.
Single or double broken snaffles are suitable for young horses. Because then all horses usually run well. A restless hand is balanced out by the movable rings and the horse can briefly escape too much pressure by lifting the tongue.
In the case of a bit with movable side parts (e.g. snaffle), the bit should not be very tight, as the rings must remain freely movable. Bits with fixed side parts (eg olive-head bits) can be chosen half a size to a whole size smaller. You can find out how exactly you measure the right bit in our guide: Measure bit - this is how you find the right bit for your horse
As a first rough assessment you can use the "2-finger test". To do this, you put your index and middle fingers in the horse's mouth where the bit will be inserted. If you feel pressure on both fingers, the recommended thickness is 14-16 mm. On the other hand, if you hardly feel any pressure, you can also use a bit with a thickness of 16-18 mm. You can find out how exactly you measure the right bit in our guide: Measure bit - this is how you find the right bit for your horse
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14 comments
Katrin
Hello. I urgently need some advice. I have a pretty calm 9 year old gelding. He stands there very well while cleaning. As soon as I put the bridle on it, with a double broken olive head bit, he becomes totally restless, immediately starts chewing on it and forms a lot of foam within seconds. Can it be that the dentition is not good for him, hurts or something like that?
I look forward to hearing from you.
Thank you and LG
Katrin
Elena
Hi Katrin,
We would not fix the behavior of your horse spontaneously on the bit. Such behavior can actually have many causes. Maybe he's just excited and a little stressed because he knows it's going to be training.
A lot of foam is usually due to stress.
But you can also check the fit of the bridle. See if the bit doesn't form more than three folds in the corners of the mouth and see if the headpiece is big enough.
Have you had your horse's teeth checked regularly? Sometimes there are small hooks on the teeth that can hurt.
Otherwise, just ask your: n riding instructor: in whether you can do something different in the training so that stress does not build up as soon as the bridle is in sight.
If you have any further questions, just write us an email [email protected].
Best regards,
Elena
Johanna Wiellner
Hello, I have a former polo mare. When riding she is always extremely excited (but can also relax) and raises her head very high (I can no longer control her). I am currently using a plain snaffle with a Hanoverian noseband. She is a sensitive mouse and sensitive in the mouth. Is it the teeth or can someone else help? It doesn't hurt her, TA was there for that.
I look forward to your answer.
LG Johanna
Elena
Hello Johanna,
this does not seem to be a problem with the teeth, but a matter of training. Polo horses are trained for different tasks than the "normal" riding horse. Of course, polo horses should also be properly exercised, but the demands in a competitive situation are completely different. Many polo horses also get “hot” pretty quickly, as you described. Take a few steps back in training and work on the basics. Get a suitable trainer who can support you with the basic training. With a lot of calm and serenity, your mare will certainly get involved in the changed situation and understand her new task.
Best regards,
Elena
Lemongrass
Hallo,
I really hope you can help me...
I've had major problems with my 1-year-old 8m gelding for a good year now. My gelding has had deep and wide wounds in his lips for about a year now. This always happens when it's tight and impermeable for 1,83-1 days in a row. However, this has sometimes occurred after several assembly disciplines. My gelding has never been gentle in the hand and has nonsense in his head from time to time (...), but this problem with his lips has never occurred before. From the beginning I ridden him with a double-jointed eggbutt bit, which he seemed very happy with. However, when he got the wounds 2 year ago, I tried out many other bits such as the simply broken snaffle bit, the rubber bar, the toggle bit etc. Nothing solved the problem.
He currently has a Happymouth and the well-known "Acavallo Lip Protection Gel Bit Guard", but the bit rings are of little use because they are no longer in the mouth when the reins are only accepted. With the Happymouth, the wounds have become less, but they keep coming back.
I've tried everything before and after riding, like foot butter banana, Penaten cream, etc., but that doesn't solve my problem either. Dentist and vet both say it's not the bridle or the bit but rather the fact that he has very full and sensitive lips which are now being put under a lot of strain because of the collection. I always checked the snaffle and the buckles of the bits very meticulously and had them checked several times.
Since yesterday, however, he has also been sticking his tongue out to the sides (even when riding normally forwards and backwards), which makes me nervous about looking for another bit again.
I hope you can give me some advice from experience and maybe point me to the right bit.
Mfg.
Sereh and Simply
Elena
Hello Serh,
Remote diagnosis is always difficult and we are not vets, so we can only help you from our experience. But that doesn't really sound like a bit problem. It's nice that you've already asked your vet for advice, because this is usually the first point of contact. If the problem occurs especially after "tense" days, you should do a lot of resolving work. It seems that this problem is caused by the pressure in the mouth. Tongue problems are also a horse's reaction to a problem with looseness. Have you ever had a physiotherapist or an osteopath look over your horse? If he has only had this problem for a year, there may be something stuck in his body. An unsuitable saddle can also lead to tension that extends to the poll and gaiters. Horses that don't let go in the back and consequently in the poll and gaiters often get "bite problems". A blocked jaw can also lead to such a problem.
With the apple bit you have already chosen a bit made of soft material. This can help a lot with sensitive lips. Bits made of synthetic material are recommended for sensitive horses, but should be checked regularly for sharp edges.
Our advice to you:
Find a good physical therapist or osteopath and have your horse checked out if you haven't already. The problems described can be a result of a tense back, neck and ganache or a blocked jaw. If you have already clarified this, you are welcome to look at other bits made of soft materials. Make sure you choose the right size so that the lips are not pinched unnecessarily. Your dentist will help you figure out what width and strength your horse needs.
A lot of solution work with a yielding hand and forwards and downwards also helps a lot. Try to minimize the pressure on the bit. This can mean that you can start again at the first steps of the training scale and not be able to ride collecting lessons for the time being. The problem may take as long to resolve as the problem has existed.
We wish you the best of luck and keep our fingers crossed for you both.
Caro
Good evening, my mare can approach the bit nicely, but sometimes she goes on strike when you want to challenge her. Then she eludes the leaning upwards, or pulls to stands forward against the hand. Currently I ride with a double broken Sprenger Denture, before that with a single broken one.
Could you maybe recommend a bit for me?
She learns quickly and tries to test (vera**** they can't do it directly), if you get your way a few times, it's all over. Unfortunately, I can't get past the above problem.
Kind regards!
Elena
Good morning Caro, when horses lean on the bit during somewhat demanding work, or start to withdraw, it is usually more of a problem with the hindquarters. You seem to have a very smart horse when she tries to evade work with antics. Try to hold the hindquarters diligently, then the neck should tilt again. Don't try to pull against it or engage in a "pull fight". Better give your hand something and really push through. The timing of your help is crucial.
I myself have a Trakehner gelding who quickly starts to do silly things when he is supposed to work properly. If I ever get too hard in my hand or hang in the parade and forget the driving help, it's just like with you. The only thing that helps is to soften up at the front, give in a bit and get the engine going again. Contact problems are 80% hindquarter problems, especially in horses that actually approach the bit when the work isn't that hard.
I hope this helps you, even if the "simple solution" of changing dentures is not the right one here.
Best regards,
Elena
alex
Hi,
I have two donkey geldings (1,40m, 10 years) that are used for driving and in the field. The previous owners used Liverpool bits on both animals. One of the two constantly puts his tongue over his teeth, but otherwise causes no problems. Unobtrusive according to the dentist. Recently, however, he has had minor injuries to his gums. Do you have a tip as to which bit makes more sense for donkeys than the very sharp liverpool bits?
viele grusse.
Elena
Hi Alex, have you checked the bits for small scratches or quirks?
Unfortunately we know each other here Lepona donkeys, so I can only advise you what I would say for horses: try a softer bit. If it absolutely has to be a double bridle, then there is the option of using synthetic bits. The material is softer but needs to be checked regularly for scratches and snags: https://www.lepona.de/beris/kandaren-gebisse/
Also check if the size and thickness is right.
Otherwise, the only option is to switch to a “normal” bit. You have to test whether you can drive it.
Sorry I couldn't really help you further. Unfortunately, we don't have any drivers on the team who know more about it.
Best regards,
Elena
Phila
Hello, I have a young Arabian who is just being broken in. I looked for the double-broken replacement snaffle (loose rings, 12 cm wide), which he didn't like very much Sprenger Novocontact simply changed broken. He seems to like these better. However, I'm unsure about the width. He now has one in 13 cm, his mouth is exactly 5 cm long. The bit also has movable rings. Would one with fixed rings of 12 cm be better? With loose rings, the bit should be a bit wider, but I have the feeling that 12 cm overhang on each side of the mouth is too much (at 5 cm). Many thanks for the answer.
Elena
Hello Phila,
the Novocontact bit is a relatively sharp bit, especially for breaking in. Maybe it's not so much the width of your Arabian that counts, but the strength. Arabians usually have a delicate muzzle 😉 Maybe the usual 16 mm is already pushing him to the bar. Please have this checked by your veterinarian.
We also have an article on how to measure dentures correctly: https://www.lepona.de/magazin/gebiss-messen/
The first bit was probably a little too narrow in width too, if it's exactly 12mm. Then try a 13,5mm bit for loose rings.
Fixed side parts are chosen in such a way that they snuggle up loosely, and of course have a completely different effect than loose bit rings. We have already explained this in detail in this post.
You have also switched from double jointed directly to single jointed and also changed the bit shape. Only change one aspect at a time to test what the problem is now. Maybe he just didn't like the double-jointed teeth?
In general, it is difficult to pinpoint the problem precisely via remote diagnosis, since there are so many screws that can be turned. As a rule, however, it can be said that you can't go wrong with a snaffle bit or an eggbutt bit (single or double jointed) in an anatomical shape when riding in. You want to activate from back to front. The Novocontact is not the best choice because it can quickly become very sharp and should actually be seen as a correction bit rather than a training bit.
You have to ask yourself the following questions:
Fixed or loose side rings
Single or double broken
16 mm or 14 mm thick (if necessary, have this clarified by the veterinarian, because he will quickly recognize the dents on the drawers)
Test one aspect at a time and then move on to the next.
I hope I was able to give you a few suggestions.
Best regards,
Elena
julie
Hi there,
my mare walks really well with her simply broken olive head snaffle, but sometimes she gets totally headless in the field. I've tried many things and am now considering taking a bit sharper teeth for off-road use as an emergency brake. However, I have no real idea which would be suitable for this 😅 Can you maybe help me?
(martingale etc. bring nothing, no problem from below, from above these freaks come out of nowhere)
Elena
Hello Julie,
That's not nice to hear, but we know a few horses like that. Unfortunately, it is not possible to say in general which bit you can use. I can understand that you want to use a sharper bit as an "emergency brake", but it may well be that your mare is only goaded on by it, or even injured.
Try to approach it more holistically and always take someone with you whose horse is very relaxed. Above all, ride out a lot in a group so that your mare learns that she doesn't have to go through it at all. Volts ride to brake and try to stay calm when something like this happens.
I know that's easy to say, but unfortunately I also have a candidate that I don't go out alone with anymore. I take while riding Sprenger Novocontact bit (https://www.lepona.de/sprenger/gebisse/novocontact/). In the "normal state" this is a completely normal bit and rotates to a narrower point under higher pressure. So it's only a tiny bit sharper in an emergency.
Above all, pay attention to your safety: never without a helmet, wear a safety vest and use safety stirrups.
I hope I could help you a little.
Best regards,
Elena